This major Australian collection encompasses more than 30 000 specimens, many relating to Victoria’s history. It is significant not only due to its size but also because many items are of historical and continuing scientific value.
In particular the collection emphasises Victorian mammal distribution, both past and present; mammal biology and ecology; representatives of Australian and non-Australian faunas; historical collections obtained on scientific expeditions; and practical applications of science relating to the history of Victoria.
The collection also includes a remarkable number of specimens from locations around the world. In total, more than 1000 species of mammals are represented.
This collection has two main focuses:
- Continue building a well-documented collection based on Victorian species.
- Maintain a well-formed collection of valuable reference material pertinent to the study of all Australian mammals.
The collection broadly consists of three basic elements:
- Skins and mounts: these cover most world families and are a broad representation of mammal diversity. Many have historical interest, being procured from overseas sources and local exploratory trips.
- Skeletons: an effort has been made to accrue a series of skeletal material that represents all Australian mammal fauna. As a result the museum holds one of the best-documented and largest collections of such material. This is constantly used by osteologists and archaeologists.
- Alcoholic: while other collections have lost, through preparation, internal organs and muscle tissues, the wet collection contains materials useful in anatomical studies. These have been retained in a preserved state.
Significant items
- Type specimens from Australian sources.
- Skins and mounts with a worldwide coverage.
- Large osteological collection covering all Australian mammal families and the majority of world families.
- Cetacean collection including material obtained from beach strandings.
- Arthur Rylah/Fisheries and Wildlife Collections: extensive material obtained by survey work throughout Victoria.
- Barclay: small study skin collection contains material collected from the arid interior and northern Australia.
- Historically important study skins and mounts from William Blandowski's Murray-Darling Expedition of 1857.
- Donald Thomson study skin collection holding significant material from Victorian, Queensland and Northern Territory localities.
- Godeffroy Museum: German museum-collected material worldwide; these study skins form a strong historical basis for the southwest Pacific region.
- 800 specimens collected on the 1894 Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia, including now extinct species.
- Spencer and Gillen Expedition: large well-documented collection from central and northern Australian localities of historic and scientific value.
- Notable 19th century museum displays, including one of the first gorilla exhibits in the world.
See Melbourne 1865: Gorillas at the Museum, an essay on this collection from A Museum for the People: A history of Museum Victoria and its predecessor institutions 1854-2000.