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Great Melbourne Telescope
Image: Erection of Great Melbourne Telescope, 1869
Source: Museum Victoria
The Great Melbourne Telescope was built by Thomas Grubb of Dublin in 1868 and erected at Melbourne Observatory in 1869. It was a reflector telescope with a speculum (metal) mirror of 48 inches in diameter; at the time it was the second largest telescope in the world and the largest in the southern hemisphere.
The design and construction was overseen by a committee of eminent British astronomers, who developed the telescope to study the nebulae of the southern hemisphere skies. It was the first major telescope built by Thomas Grubb, and revolutionary in many aspects of its design. The firm went on to make many of the major telescopes around the world in the second half of the 19th century.
The telescope never lived up to expectations, due to difficulties with constant tarnishing of its mirrors, flexure in the mirrors, and its relative unsuitability for the new astronomical techniques of photography and spectroscopy. The telescope was operated at Melbourne Observatory by a dedicated Great Melbourne Telescope Observer: Albert Le Seuer (1869-70), E.F. MacGeorge (1870-72), Joseph Turner (1873-83), Pietro Baracchi (1883-92); thereafter it was used only intermittently.
When Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the telescope was sold to the Commonwealth Observatory at Mount Stromlo, Canberra. At Mount Stromlo the telescope was given a new 50-inch glass mirror, and became an integral part of Mt Stromlo's work during the 1960s. In the early 1990s the telescope was rebuilt with two detector mosaics for the MACHO project, and the telescope in this form found the first observational evidence for dark matter. Then in January 2003 a bushfire swept across Mt Stromlo, its firestorm destroying the majority of the telescopes and buildings.
Since the early 1980s Museum Victoria had progressively been retrieving discarded parts of the Great Melbourne Telescope as Mt Stromlo rebuilt the instrument. The remaining parts of the telescope at Mount Stromlo were dismantled in 2008 and returned to Melbourne. A project has now commenced to restore the telescope.
References:
Gascoigne, S.C.B. (1995). 'The Great Melbourne Telescope and other 19th century reflectors', Historical Records of Australian Science, 10, pp. 223-245.
Melbourne Observatory (1885). Observations of the Southern Nebulae made with the Great Melbourne Telescope from 1869 to 1885, Part 1. Government Printer, Melbourne.
Robinson, T. R. & Grubb, Thomas (1868). 'Description of the Great Melbourne Telescope', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 159, pp.127-161.
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Glass Positive - Orion Nebula, Melbourne Observatory, 1890
Photo of Orion Nebula taken by Robert Ellery at Melbourne Observatory, 23 Dec 1890. Probably taken with the newly erected Astrograph telescope.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
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Glass Positive - Stars, Melbourne Observatory, 1891
Experimental photograph of star cluster taken by Robert Ellery with the Astrograph telescope at Melbourne Observatory on 13 February 1891, soon after its installation.
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Glass Positive - Stars, Melbourne Observatory, 1891
Experimental photograph of star cluster taken by Robert Ellery with the Astrograph telescope at Melbourne Observatory on 3 February 1891, soon after its installation.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
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Glass Positive - Stars, Melbourne Observatory, 1890
Experimental photograph of stars taken by Robert Ellery at Melbourne Observatory on 24 Dec 1890, in preparation for the Astrograph project.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
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Glass Positive - Stars, Melbourne Observatory, 1891
Experimental photograph of stars taken by Robert Ellery with the Astrograph telescope at Melbourne Observatory on 18 January 1891, soon after its installation.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
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Glass Positive - Star Cluster, Melbourne Observatory, 1891
Experimental photograph of star cluster taken by Robert Ellery with the Astrograph telescope at Melbourne Observatory on 17 February 1891, soon after its installation.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
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Glass Positive - Star Cluster, Eta Argus, Melbourne Observatory, 1890
Experimental photograph of stars taken by Robert Ellery at Melbourne Observatory on 24 Dec 1890, in preparation for the Astrograph project.
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 0 -
Regulator Clock - Charles Frodsham, London, No.1062, 1865
Eight day long-case astronomical regulator clock, by Charles Frodsham, London, No. 1062, 1865. Weight driven, with dead-beat escapement and mercury compensation pendulum. Used at Melbou ...
From: London, United Kingdom Images: 3 -
Regulator Clock - Robert Ellery, Melbourne Observatory, 1888
Astronomical regulator clock designed by Government Astronomer Robert Ellery and built at Melbourne Observatory in 1888. The clock was probably made by Observatory instrument maker Carl ...
From: South Yarra, Australia Images: 16 -
Transit Telescope - Portable, 3.25-inch, Troughton & Simms, London, circa 1850
Portable transit telescope, 3.25 inch aperture, 42 inch focus, made by Troughton & Simms, London, circa 1850. This instrument was transferred from the Victorian Survey Department to Wi ...
From: London, United Kingdom Images: 1
