Birds and birdwatching

Birds are highly visible and vocal, spectacularly diverse, and fascinating to watch and study. This information sheet is a guide for those with queries about birds or who are interested in finding out more about birds and birdwatching.

Photo of an Australian King Parrot

Australian King Parrot, Alisterus scapularis
Photographer / Source: Gary Lewis

Bird facts

  • There are approximately 10 000 species of birds worldwide.
  • Over 800 species of birds have been seen in Australia and its territories.
  • Australia’s largest bird, the Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae, appears on our national coat of arms.
  • The Helmeted Honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops cassidix is a State Faunal Emblem of Victoria.


Watching birds and major birding groups

Birdwatching is a popular hobby worldwide and there are millions of birdwatchers in many countries. Australia has several organisations dedicated to birdwatching and conservation that can help you and provide opportunities to meet other people interested in birds.

Birdlife Australia

Birdlife Australia (created in 2012 from the merger of Birds Australia & Bird Observation & Conservation Australia) is dedicated to the understanding, conservation and enjoyment of Australia's wild native birds and their habitats. They publish the quarterly magazine Australian Birdlife (formally called Wingspan).

Suite 2-05, 60 Leicester Street
Carlton VIC 3053
Phone (03) 9347 0757
Fax (03) 9347 9323
Email info@birdlife.org.au 
Website www.birdlife.org.au

Tips for birdwatching

A good pair of binoculars with a magnification between 7´ and 10´ will do for most situations. Always look around; birds are not always flying in front of you. Look in the foliage of bushes, or on the branches of trees, where birds might be sheltering.

Birds can be seen where you might not expect them. Dozens of species are recorded annually in the parks and streets around Melbourne Museum. Birds can show up in unlikely places. Use your ears. Songs and calls will often tell you what birds are around. Move quietly; birds are startled by loud noises and sudden movement.

Photographs and calls of Victorian bird species are available on Field Guide to Victorian Fauna, Museum Victoria's free app for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad.

If you find a dead bird...

Dead native birds (from road kills, window collisions or attacks by other animals) can be lodged with Museum Victoria’s Ornithology department. Many valuable specimens in our collections have been handed in by members of the general public. Native birds, even if they are dead, may be retained only if you have a permit from the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Dead birds should be hygienically wrapped in plastic and placed in a freezer with a note giving location, date, and donor’s name. Ring the Discovery Centre at Melbourne Museum and they will speak to the Ornithology Collection to assess whether the museum wants the bird. Do NOT post the bird through the mail. Arrange with the Discovery Centre for a suitable time to deliver the bird in person. It is best to keep the bird frozen during transport.

Birds are protected

Native birds in Victoria are protected. It is illegal to interfere with birds or their nests and eggs, or to be in possession of live or dead native birds without a permit. Further details of regulations and permits can be obtained from the Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Further Reading

Barrett, G. et al. 2003. The new Atlas of Australian Birds. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne.

Christidis L. and Boles W. E. 1994. The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Monograph 2, Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne.

Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Oxford University Press and Birds Australia, Melbourne. Volumes 1-6.

Morcombe, Michael. 2006. Field Guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parrish Publishing, Archerfield.

Museum Victoria, 2006. Melbourne's Wildlife: a field guide to the fauna of Greater Melbourne. Museum Victoria & CSIRO Publishing.

Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. 2007. The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Harper Collins, Sydney.

Simpson K. and Day N., 2010. Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. 7th edition. Viking, Ringwood.

Simpson K. and Wilson Z. 1998. Birdwatching in Australia and New Zealand. Reed New Holland, Sydney.

Slater, P., Slater, P. and Slater R. 2009. The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds. Rigby, Adelaide.

Comments (45) popular  |  oldest  |  newest

Jessica Harrison 20 Apr 2009 09:56
I am trying to fing as many as i can native birds to Australia that live in Victoria could you help I don't seem to be having ny luck!!! thank you
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Birdman 20 Apr 2009 18:15
Hey Jessica - the Victorian branch of Birds Australia could probably help...
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Discovery Centre 21 Apr 2009 11:42
Museum Victoria
Hi Jessica! Due to the sheer volume of species that would be endemic or migrate through Victoria, I imagine a comprehensive list would be difficult to compile. However, I suggest you contact some of the organisations listed in the infosheet above. Birdwatching associations would be your best bet for up-to-date sightings of native birds in any particular area.
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Alec Piper 14 Sep 2009 01:48
A silvereye has nested in a sal bay tree on my patio. Chicks are now about two cms long and pulsing vigorously. Today I noticed three slaters crawling in the nest. Any comments?
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samara 04 Jan 2010 21:10
HELP..!!!! i just found a bird in my garden..and he...or she is hurt and i don't know what to do ..well he is not badly hurt but he is still sooo young and he can't FLY!!! HELP PLEASE..!!!
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Discovery Centre 06 Jan 2010 11:51
Museum Victoria

Hi Samara, you might want to contact the RSPCA.  They will be able to put you in touch with a wildlife carer in your area.

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Lauren 16 Jan 2010 21:35
Hello, Recently I was in the forest part of the museum, and while I was in there I saw the most striking green-feathered bird with quite intense blue eyes. I didn't ask at the time what species it was. I know my description is somewhat vague, but are you able to tell me what my little friends species is?
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Discovery Centre 19 Jan 2010 11:13
Museum Victoria

Hi Lauren, the bird you saw in the Forest Gallery was the Satin Bowerbird.  The females and immature males are as you have described.

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Dave Thomas 17 Feb 2010 10:59
I would like to ID a bird I saw last week end at Queenscliff Victoria. It appeared to have a nest in the top of the pine trees in the park opposite the fish and chip shop near the ferry terminal, It was aprox 14 16 inches long, had a neck aprox 3 inches and a long beak about 2 to 3 inches, colour was a beige or bone with dark spots or short stripes.
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Discovery Centre 18 Feb 2010 10:06
Museum Victoria

Hi Dave – Museum Victoria offers a free identification service. You can submit your identification request via our ‘Ask the experts’ webpage. Please provide us with images and, prior to sending us your enquiry, please read our identification guidelines.

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Dale 20 Apr 2010 10:18
Hello, can someone tell me what the small birds are flitting in and out of shops and places through out Melbourne? I thought they were a canary, but I'm not overly sure. Regards Dale Busselton WA
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Discovery Centre 21 Apr 2010 10:21
Museum Victoria
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justin 01 Sep 2010 14:50
i love it
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Tegan 28 Sep 2010 11:48
i need a list of native birds that are affected by the indian mynain the environment around melbourne. can anyone help?
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Discovery Centre 29 Sep 2010 15:51
Museum Victoria

Hi Tegan, there are few studies directly based in Melbourne but available literature suggests that Common Mynas compete with some native birds for nest sites and, potentially, food resources. Also, they interact with other bird species. The best reference: Higgins, Peter & Cowling. (eds) Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 7: Boatbill to Starlings. Also, some information is available in H. Crisp & A. Lill, City slickers: habitat use and foraging in urban Common Mynas Acridotheres tristis. Some good websites for you to look at are Common Indian Myna website, Canberra Indian Myna Action Group Inc & Feral.org.au 

The literature lists the birds affected by direct competition for nest sites in eastern Australia: Galah, Eastern Rosella, Sacred Kingfisher, House Sparrow and Common Starling. Aggressive interactions have been noted between Red Wattlebird, Noisy Miner and Common Starling during the breeding season. They have been seen interacting with Silver Gulls, Rock Doves, Spotted Turtle-Doves, Superb Parrot and Australian Magpie. They have been seen interacting with a cat and killing honeybees. Common Mynas are  habitat generalists specialising in ground-feeding. They do not show any significant aggressive interactions with other bird species for food resources during the breeding season.

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Megan 26 Oct 2010 14:59
Hi, I have a very adorable juvenile magpie living at my property. It is still with its parents and can find worms for itself etc. however I have noticed over the last week its right wing has something wrong with it. The bird can lift both wings, however when they are by its side the right wing doesnt sit properly, not folding fully back onto the bird. I have also noticed that it cannot fly. I am worried that it is susceptable to cats, dogs, other birds and cars and that it is too young to fend for itself should its parents disown it. What should I do?
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Discovery Centre 28 Oct 2010 13:58
Museum Victoria
Hi Megan - We consulted our bird experts for some advice. It's best to let nature take its course, but saying that we can understand the situation and the desire to do something. Magpie parents are very protective of their young so take precautions if you do the following: First arrange to see if a local vet will check the bird if brought to the surgery. If yes, then catch the youngster and take it for examination. When ready to release it back into the area simply place it down and walk away, the parents will return to look after it.
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Megan 11 Nov 2010 20:30
Thanks so much for your advice guys I have been keeping an eye on him and he seems to be doing ok, but if I notice any change I will definately take your advice. Thanks again.
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margaret 15 Dec 2010 09:31
a quite tame King parrot keeps turning up on our verandah in the Dandenongs. He has 4 bands on his legs. 3 red, one silver. they have the numbers (near as I can tell) 221, 232,251, & 211-1P on them. What gives? can anyone tell me?
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Discovery Centre 10 Jan 2011 12:08
Museum Victoria

Hi Margaret, the leg bands would be from an aviary breeding program. Therefore the bird has been born and breed for commercial purposes and it would be almost impossible to obtain details through our normal sources.

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Joanne 10 Jan 2011 18:58
I would appreciate your advice as to whether touching a fledgling (still in the nest or just out) will have adverse consequences. I am asking in the context of wild birds such as miners. I put one back in the nest as it was being attacked by a magpie. Should I have just left it??
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Mary 10 Jan 2011 21:55
Hi, Two little wattlebirds have recently taken over from a group of noisy miners in our garden inland of Dee Why, Sydney. Do you know if the little wattlebirds will also be aggressive towards smaller birds, such as blue wrens, spinebills, pardalotes etc, if they try to return to the garden? Regards.
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Discovery Centre 13 Jan 2011 09:48
Museum Victoria

Hi Joanne, what you did for the young bird should be fine. The adult birds will hear their young and find it easily, and since most birds have a poor sense of smell, they will not abandon it because it has been handled by humans. The best thing to do for these young birds is to first of all observe them and confirm that their parents are around and still tending to them. When a bird is in obvious danger from other birds what you did was a good option. I hope it is still going well.  

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Discovery Centre 13 Jan 2011 09:57
Museum Victoria

Hi Mary, yes the wattlebird, all species, are like other like-minded honeyeaters in that they defend their food sources.  They are not as aggressive as the miner as usually it is simply one or two birds being obnoxious rather than the gangs that appear with miners.  So in essence yes they will chase other species from the foods but they do allow others to frequently intrude it would appear that they like to be boss but are not that obsessive about it.

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Ian 13 Jan 2011 12:41
I have a colleague who rescued an infant crested pigeon. It has been reared for close to three months and now flies quite well. The bird appears to be melanistic as it is quite dark, plus it is still much smaller (dwarfism?) than adults crested pigeons when taken to the park for socialising. These could be the reasons the parents abandonned it. My question is would the bird be of value to researchers due to its differences? I haven't put this to the foster parents at this time.
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Discovery Centre 17 Jan 2011 14:46
Museum Victoria
Hi Ian - Our Ornithologist has given us the following information for you: 

Without seeing the bird or its image it is difficult to make any qualified statement on this matter.  Melanism is reasonably common in birds and is usually detected as soon as the first feathers appear, so to be a truly melanistic bird this plumage would be carried from the time your colleague first obtained the bird.  If however the plumage has changed since its receipt then I would look for other causes such as the food it is being fed.  The apparent smaller size too could be attributed to its diet, if it has not had the correct food in its very early stage of growth then that could be the reason for its apparent diminutive size (remember the first food that pigeons receive is a special ‘pigeon milk’ produced by the parent).

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Annette 31 Jan 2011 09:12
Hi, we have a crested pigeon nested in a banksia rose bush in our front yard. I just noticed that there are now two babies in there also and was wondering how long it takes for the babies to fly and if they might stay in the yard as we have a staffy dog who loves to chase birds but has never caught one. My worry is that if they stay he might catch the babies.
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Discovery Centre 02 Feb 2011 14:26
Museum Victoria
Good question, Annette - our ornithology specialists say that Crested Pigeon chicks fledge from the nest 2-3 weeks after hatching. The fledglings are quite independant, however it might be worth trying to keep your dog away from the nest if you notice the chicks have just fledged.
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Marc des Landes 03 Feb 2011 14:55
My wife & I watched a blackbird build its nest about 80cm from our bedroom window. we watched her hatch the eggs feed the chicks and see them on their way. The, about a week later she came back and laid a secon lot, which she is now sitting on. Is the secon lot a normal thing??
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Discovery Centre 05 Feb 2011 10:08
Museum Victoria

Hi Marc, the breeding season for the Common Blackbird can last from September to January, depending on the weather conditions. During this period, they rear 2-3 broods; in a good year, a fourth may be attempted. The normal clutch size is 3-5. The incubation period is 14 days, which is also the usual time fledglings spend in the nest. The same nest is often used again if it has been a safe location for previous broods.

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col drury 24 Apr 2011 23:37
next door handed me a dead bird tonight. cannot identify. wt 1/2oz. bill 2cm curved down. body 7cm dark grey, white/brown chest & under throat. tail 4cm,silver underneath. can anyone help?
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col drury 25 Apr 2011 15:50
re my bird last night: beak is 2cm, I might have said 4cm. can anyone help?
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Discovery Centre 27 Apr 2011 09:48
Museum Victoria
Hi Col, Museum Victoria offers a free identification service, you can read the details and guidelines here.
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DavidQ 01 May 2011 10:13
I have a little wattlebird that is hanging around in our yard and waits to 'tease' & tempt our 10mth old kitten to climb trees, onto our roof etc, is this common, can anything be done about it? Our cats stay in at night but I don't want the bird top temp the cat onto the busy road in front of our house. Is this bird protected. We live in Seaford Victoria.
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Discovery Centre 06 May 2011 16:13
Museum Victoria
Hi David, firstly we would say that the cat, as a predator, is after the wattlebird rather than the bird tempting the cat. Wattlebirds are known to exhibit a strong defensive attitude and would normally stay just outside the range of any anticipated trouble. As it stands there is nothing we can suggest to keep these two animals apart but would hope that the cat would soon grow out of the behaviour and the wattlebird move on - they tend to move during winter unless there is a good local food supply. Finally the bird, being a native species, is fully protected by state legislation.
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col drury 17 Jul 2011 00:55
stop searching folks, my dead bird has been identified. It's a female Eastern Spinebill.
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Rhiannon 03 Dec 2011 18:16
I am little concerned about a junvenile little wattle bird who consistently sits in a grevillea in our yard. I have watched this wattle bird and its sibling since they were very young being fed by their parents. The parents and their sibiling appear to no longer be around however this little wattle bird still sits in this tree. It will at times leave but later returns. Is this normal behaviour?
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Discovery Centre 14 Dec 2011 10:38
Museum Victoria

Hi Rhiannon,

The behaviour is fairly normal and is a fact of life.  Often one of a group of nestlings hasn’t developed as much as others or may have been infected by internal or external parasites.  As such they may be found loitering and seemingly doing nothing.  Eventually they will move off to rejoin the group or by themselves.

 It is often, sadly, best to leave nature take its course and not interfere in these matters.

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margaret 22 Jan 2012 11:55
I have seen a bird feeding in my back garden with wattle birds - looks similar but has black and red head and olive green body - is this the male of the species - much more colourful than the wattlebird feeding with it??
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Chelsea 14 Feb 2012 19:47
My preschooler son has developed a love of collecting feathers! We love to find feathers and then go and learn about what birds they come from. There are two types of feathers that we keep finding but have no idea what birds they come from, even after looking at some Australian birds books... any ideas where we can get some help?
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Discovery Centre 15 Feb 2012 11:45
Museum Victoria
Hi Chelsea, the best option is probably to use our identification service. You can either send in photos or the specimens themselves. Full details are available on our identifications page.
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sid 04 Mar 2012 08:35
Hi, where can I find bird ringers who might be ringing birds in Melbourne in August 2012? cheers sid

 

Discovery Centre 04 Mar 2012 09:47
Museum Victoria

Hi Sid, you will probably need to contact Birds Australia for ringing research questions.

Hope this helps.

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Cate 05 Apr 2012 17:22
Hi! Today I followed the contact call of what I thought was a Black Cockatoo, only to find something else. At first I thought it was a Musk Lorikeet based on your field guide App, but the bird was larger and had a much longer tail. So my best guess is a lonely, immature Superb Parrot (as I couldnt see any yellow on its face from that distance). Are Superb Parrots known to make contact calls like Yellow-Tailed Black Cockatoos? I spotted the bird in the 3975 postcode, so I know this is an unlikely sighting. Thanks!

 

Discovery Centre 20 Apr 2012 12:03
Museum Victoria
The bird could have been a Superb Parrot, there has been a movement of these birds from there ‘normal’ range into areas such as southern Victoria.  The calls however are generally not like the black cockatoos and therefore I wonder if the bird in question was one of the Asian Ring-necked Parrots.  These are common cage birds and they do escape on occasion; they look remarkably like our Superb Parrot
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Cate 19 Apr 2012 12:31
Ok, so I looked further than Australian birds, and I'm now sure its an introduced Indian Ringneck. It has set up home in the local wetland. I noticed there is control measures for this bird in NSW and WA. Is there someone I should report the sighting to?
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Rose 10 May 2012 16:32
Hi, what are some good iPhone apps for information on birds/birdwatching?

 

Discovery Centre 14 May 2012 11:35
Museum Victoria

Hello Rose,

 Museum Victoria’s new Field Guide app. Available in both iPad and iPhone/iPod Touch versions, the app combines detailed animal descriptions with stunning imagery and sounds to provide a valuable reference that can be used in urban, bush and coastal environments.

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