Southern or Wood Scorpion Cercophonius squama

The common name ‘Southern or Wood Scorpion’ is applied to scorpions that belong to the genus Cercophonius, of which there are at least six species in Australia.

Cercophonius squama is a widespread south-eastern Australian species, found in south-eastern South Australia, Victoria, eastern NSW, the ACT and Tasmania. It is one of three species of scorpions known to occur in the greater Melbourne region. The body length, including the tail, ranges from 25–40 mm, and the body pattern is variegated, consisting of patches of different shades of brown on a lighter background.

Cercophonius squama

Cercophonius squama
Photographer: Rodney Start / Source: Museum Victoria

It lives in burrows under plant litter on the ground; shallow burrows if occupancy is temporary and deeper ones if occupancy is longer. It can also live under the bark of standing trees, preferring eucalypts. Cercophonius squama can live for more than three years. It feeds on small invertebrates generally less than 10 mm in body length.

The sting of the Southern or Wood Scorpion can cause inflammation and pain for several hours, and medical advice should be sought.

Further Reading

Koch, L. E. 1977. The taxonomy, geographic distribution and evolutionary radiation of Australo-Papuan scorpions. Records of the Western Australian Museum 5(2):83–367.

Walker, K. L., Yen, A. L. and Milledge, G. A. 2003. Spiders and Scorpions commonly found in Victoria. Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne.

Your comments

Donna 24 Apr 2009 22:06
we think we have these in fairly significant numbers in our house and are worried about our small breed dogs. Thanks for the information in the website.
Evan Holt 16 Jun 2009 13:36
In the past few weeks we have had more than a dozen small wood scorpions in the home - approx one a night. Most but not all are dead or dying. We have seen several active scorpions outside the house. I want to get rid of them and intend to use Coopex dust inside the house and a Coopex solution sprayed outside the house. I don't fancy having a scorpion in my socks in the morning! Is there a less fatal way of keeping the critters out of the house? Evan
Tony Watson 26 Jun 2009 15:36
I have just found a Wood Scorpion Cercophonius squama while digging up weeds on my acre block close to gum trees under leaf litter etc. this is the first time I have ever seen one in SA and is there a register for sighting unusal insects in your area or are they common to in Loxton SA? Tony.
Discovery Centre 26 Jun 2009 16:23
Museum Victoria

Evan - another method that can help with keeping scorpions outside of the house is to install draught excluders on external doors. Tony - Museum Victoria specialises in the distribution of insect species within Victoria. Might you try the SA Museum regarding your Loxton enquiry?

Carol 20 Aug 2009 15:42
Since moving into our house here in Tassie, I have caught at least 10 scorpions in the house. I would not like to be bitten/stung by one. How poisonous are they?
Beau 20 Aug 2009 22:28
We have just found our first scorpion in the bathroom!! we are on the coast in victoria and am wondering if there is one is there likely to be many more? its the first one iv seen in the 10 years iv lived here!
Discovery Centre 21 Aug 2009 13:27
Museum Victoria

Hi Carol - the species of scorpion found in Australia are not considered to be dangerous, although they can give a painful sting. More information on these fascinating creatures can be found at our information sheet here: http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/infosheets/scorpion-facts-and-fallacies/

or a fact sheet from the Australian Museum here:

http://australianmuseum.net.au/Scorpions

Discovery Centre 21 Aug 2009 13:38
Museum Victoria

Hi Beau - There are 9 known species of scorpion in Australia, and whilst they are fairly common, they do not generally seek to come indoors, rather coming in accidentally. Draught excluders along doors can help prevent further unwanted visitors! The links given in a previous reply will give you more information about their habits and habitat.

Jennifer 20 Nov 2009 21:38
Hi, we have been in Australia for a year now and live in Clifton Springs Vic, we are keep finding wood scorpions on a night time. I dont mind them to much but I have a 3 yr old and a 3 month old and I am worried that they get bitten. How bad would the bite be and what would the signs be. Thank you
Discovery Centre 23 Nov 2009 12:32
Museum Victoria

Dear Jennifer,

scorpions have no interest in people so a sting usually results either from accidental interaction, i.e. standing on a scorpion or if people try to handle them and the animal feels under threat. We get many enquiries on scorpions and not one that I can remember has involved someone being stung. So despite the fact that they can be relatively common in some areas as long as people treat them with respect and are aware of their behaviours and habits, it seems stings are rare.

If you or someone in your family is stung we recommend you seek medical advice but the scorpions in Australia are not considered highly dangerous like some of the species in other countries.

 

 

vicki 08 Dec 2009 00:11
we are up to number 7 scorpian we have found in the house in the past few weeks mainly finding them in the bathroom but most recently on our doona cover on our bed. they are really freaking my partner out and wonder what sort of spray deternat can we put around the house to stop them coming in. oh p.s we are in tasmania also is it usual to find then over here?
Discovery Centre 14 Dec 2009 12:05
Museum Victoria

Hi Vicki,

scorpions are found in Tasmania and as in Melbourne they can be quite common. Finding one on the doona would give you a scare; you can try those draft excluders if you think they may be wandering in under the door. Also be aware that they may be brought into the home under the bark on firewood.

 

Jeremy 13 Feb 2010 22:25
We have just found our third scorpion in the house (a marbled) the second one we found stung my wife in bed. (it was in the bed and she laid on it.) So she is very freaked out. We only have 2 doors into the house and 2 of the scorpions were found nowhere near either of the doors, so I don't know if the draft excluders will work. I plan on bombing the interior and spraying the exterior, will this be effective?
Zacc 16 Feb 2010 17:27
I was wondering what scorpians are buyable in melbourne if any and what licence do you need, Cheers
Discovery Centre 18 Feb 2010 10:07
Museum Victoria

Hi Jeremy,

sorry to hear about your wife being stung; she has been very unlucky as we get many enquiries to the Museum regarding scorpions and I can't remember the last time someone contacted us having been stung. Unfortunately the Museum is not involved in pest control so I can't say whether spraying will definitely exclude them and if so how long this may remain effective for. If you want to go ahead with treatment try to ring at least three professional pest control companies and see what sort of guarantees, services they can offer you.

Scorpions can also be brought into the home under bark, so if you have a pile of wood for an open fire, this may also be a way of inadvertently bringing them in. 

Discovery Centre 20 Feb 2010 15:29
Museum Victoria

Hi Zacc, thanks for your enquiry. We suggest you look at some online stores when looking to purchase scorpions.  If they are sold by these online stores, they are probably captive bred or responsibliy collected.  Perhaps consider contacting The Green Scorpion or The Aussie Reptile Keeper

Russ 26 Apr 2010 23:44
How do you tell male from female?
Discovery Centre 30 Apr 2010 09:42
Museum Victoria

Hi Russ, the mature female scorpion is generally larger and more robust than the male, but the sting at the tip of their tail is generally shorter. The pincers and/or the tail are longer in males. The pectines, (sensory organs on the underside of the scorpion) are also longer and the teeth of the pectines are more bent in males. As you can see it is not easy to differentiate the sexes.  

Travis 23 Jun 2010 15:07
Hi there, just a quick query and thought you might be the right people to ask. Does a scorpions sting contain traces of metal?. I have been led to believe they do, can you claify this for me. Thank You.
Discovery Centre 29 Jun 2010 10:04
Museum Victoria

Hi Travis, we have looked into this and we have found that there is research being undertaken into the possible use of scorpion venom in new insecticides and cancer treatments. I could not find any reference to scorpion venom containing traces of metal. To follow this up you may want to contact the Australian Venom Research Unit 

 

 

 

Travis 01 Jul 2010 13:10
Its not the venom that contains traces of metal, its the sting itself.
Sandra 05 Oct 2010 19:48
I just found a Southern/Wood Scorpion by accident, while moving wood in the back yard (with heavy gloves on).It was under the loose bark of a log and fell out as I moved the wood. I noticed that it "played dead" while I was looking for it to put in a jar so my daughter could photograph it. Many people have made comments about finding Scorpions that were dead. I wonder if they were just being still?What do you think? Its extremities (feet and pedipalps) looked quite reddish to me. It was about 25-35mm long. It occurred to me later that a batch of little darkish bodied reddish legged things that I could not focus on without my glasses, that scattered from under a nearby piece of disturbed wood could have been its young. Would this be likely?
Discovery Centre 07 Oct 2010 12:11
Museum Victoria

Hi Sandra,

Small scorpions like the wood scorpion do remain quite still if they are disturbed. This is often for 2 reasons: Over winter they are quite cold and they will minimise movement as their body temperatures are not warm enough to allow for high levels of activity. The other reason we see scorpions ‘playing dead’ when we disturb them is as a predator defence mechanism; they only tend to remain this way for a short period of time when they think pretending to be a piece of wood is working, then we find that they will suddenly become very active and will make a big effort to get away.

The group of animals you observed scattering away from under a neighbouring log are unlikely to be the young of this scorpion. The only time they are clustered as a group is upon the females back. Once they have moulted and left the females back they disperse and if they encounter each other they are more likely to have each other for dinner rather than hang out together.

Debbie 01 Nov 2010 21:40
Hi ,, ive found my very first wood scorpain in tasmania at the back of ridgley and still is spun out to find it as i thought tassie dont have these !!! at the moment i have him for a pet just to get info on them etc then im letting him go back where i found him ,, could you tell me what they eat as want it to be in the most nature as possible feeling till i take it back ...
Discovery Centre 05 Nov 2010 14:21
Museum Victoria
Hi Debbie,

All scorpions are predators. Your wood scorpion in the wild would be feeding on a range of small insects and other invertebrates it finds in your backyard. If you can find some small insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches from the backyard you can offer them to the scorpion. Make sure the food you offer them is around 1/3 the size of your pet.

Yvette 28 Nov 2010 12:43
Hi I live in Perth and regularly find quite small scorpions in my home, usually in the bathroom. I think they fall down through the extractor fan with implies they live in the roof space. Can I assume they are wood scorpions and are they common in Perth?
Discovery Centre 29 Nov 2010 11:42
Museum Victoria
Hi Yvette, as you are in Perth it might be a good idea to contact the Western Australian Museum and see if they can identify the species for you. If you can take some images you could contact the Museum here. They will have a better knowledge of WA fauna than we will.
Onna 20 Dec 2010 23:09
Hi I got stung in my bed in the middle of the night by a scorpion. I have found many in the house which fortunatley I have been able to remove one way or another. This was last summer. I have just found the first one inside for this summer. I want them dead, is there a spray? They are a light brown colour with a kind of white speckle
Discovery Centre 21 Dec 2010 16:13
Museum Victoria
Hi Onna, despite the fact that scorpions can be found in reasonable numbers in the suburbs of Melbourne stings are rare so you have been unlucky. Scorpions have no interest in humans and stings usually result from people accidentally standing or lying on them. Of the nine species that are known to inhabit Victoria none of them are considered highly dangerous although a sting can result in inflammation and pain for several hours and you should get medical advice in the event of being stung. The Museum is not involved in the removal or control of insects and invertebrates but you may want to consider draught excluders if you have large cracks under the door. Scorpions can also be brought into the home under the bark of firewood. If you are interested in having a specimen identified by our Entomologist please submit an identification request by following the guidelines located here
Please follow these links to access our MV Resources for more information and facts on scorpions.
coral 18 Feb 2011 07:45
just found a scorpion sitting on cushion in bathtub , smithton , tasmania, must have been in cushion i think . its alive . what do i do with it eek ?
Discovery Centre 18 Feb 2011 15:39
Museum Victoria
Hi Coral, if you can safely tip the scorpion into a container you can take it outside and release it in the garden. Scorpions in Australia are not considered highly dangerous although if stood on or if they feel threatened may sting in self defence. Scorpions will sometimes wander inside while looking for food. They can also be brought inside under the bark of firewood.
amanda 26 Feb 2011 20:49
eek...just found a wood scorpion on the lounge room floor in deviot, tasmania...kids and i were watching a movie when my little boy shouted out...not lying down on the carpet again!!
haydos 05 Apr 2011 06:58
Hey I find about 1 a week in my home in tassi . I think that they are wicked I have the biggest one I found as a pet now and its the best pet iv Eva had . I just catch live crickets from my yard and give it loads off water and its great . I put a cricket in that was about 2 inches long it was massive . I woke up in the morning and the cricket that is 2 times bigger than the scorpion has no head ...
Karen 10 Apr 2011 20:18
We find a couple of scorpions every year in our home. I have four girls and I worry that someone will tread on one in the dark. We don't have a wood heater and I'm wondering how else would they make their way inside. They always appear in the bathroom or my bedroom (which aren't near each other). Could they fall down from inside the tastic light?
Discovery Centre 15 Apr 2011 14:21
Museum Victoria

Hi Karen,

Its unlikely that they would be up in the ceiling as they are usually ground dwelling creatures - it is far more likely that they are coming in under outside doors.  Otherwise, they could also be brought in by a pet (dog/cat), or plants that are transferred from outside to inside, particularly if there is garden/mulch near these rooms.

Silvia 27 Apr 2011 14:18
Just found a little scorpion (approx. 3.5cm) that looks exactly like the image above, sadly drowned in our backyard pool in Heathmont. I was quite surprised as I had no idea there were scorpions in Melbourne. Thanks to your website I was able to identify it.
Mark 01 May 2011 18:55
Just found a little one in the kitchen - dark coloured, about 20cm long - never seen one here in the Dandenongs before. Plan to 'return it to the wild' on my way to work tomorrow (or perhaps to test Bear Grylls theories on how they taste....)
Terry 09 May 2011 09:42
Tyers, Victoria. I was sawing up a fallen tree and when moving the wood found my first scorpion (approx 3cm long, quite meaty) here. He played dead for a bit but was quite active once I put him in a jar to show the family and teach the children what it is and not to touch. Needless to say we'll be much more careful with bringing wood inside in future. He was let go quite away from the house.
Qwomlee 20 May 2011 10:57
Hi, my mum has just recently found a scorpion in our kitchen. My cat was attacking it earlier and I have decided to keep it as a pet. I noticed it's a female from the features it has (Light colored legs, short stinger and claws, quite muscular) what type of bugs do they eat and where will I find them?
Discovery Centre 05 Jun 2011 16:08
Museum Victoria
Scorpions will eat small insects such as cockroaches and grasshoppers, not too big. They will also eat mealworms which can sometimes be bought from pet shops.  It is important not to over feed them and perhaps one meal every few days is sufficient.  Check out some of the information provided to other readers above.
Mia 20 Jun 2011 22:36
I found a 6cm scorpion in my bathroom. Why do so many people find them in the bathroom and how would one get into a bed - can they crawl like a spider? (I'm freaked out!)
Rita 16 Nov 2011 23:41
I was a bit freaked out when I found a scorpion on the carpet (in Kingston, Tasmania) but feel a bit better now I realise I probably brought it in myself (on the firewood) and that they usually don't bite! Still I will inspect the wood more closely in future!

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